Audio assisted enrollment

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure generally relates techniques for audio-assisted enrollment of biometric features. In some embodiments, methods and devices for assisting users with enrollment of biometric features, using spatial audio cues, are described.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 62/739,119, titled “AUDIO ASSISTED ENROLLMENT,” filed Sep. 28,2018. The contents of these applications are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces,and more specifically to techniques for audio-assisted enrollment ofbiometric features.

BACKGROUND

Humans can locate sounds in three dimensions (above and below, front andrear, and side to side). Different techniques can be used to modifyaudio such that a listener perceives the audio that a device creates ascoming from a particular point in space. The listener's perception canbe used to guide user input, including user input during a biometricenrollment process.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Some techniques for biometric enrollment (e.g., enrollment of a user'sface) using electronic devices, however, are generally cumbersome andinefficient. For example, some existing techniques use a complex andtime-consuming user interface, which may lead to user-error. Existingtechniques require more time than necessary, wasting user time anddevice energy. This latter consideration is particularly important inbattery-operated devices.

Accordingly, the present technique provides electronic devices withfaster, more efficient methods and interfaces for biometric enrollment.Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace othermethods for biometric enrollment. Such methods and interfaces reduce thecognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machineinterface. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve power (e.g., by reducing power consumption byprocessor(s) and display(s) of the devices) and increase the timebetween battery charges.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method performed at an electronicdevice having one or more biometric sensors, and operably connected to afirst speaker and a second speaker is described. The method includes:while detecting that a biometric feature is in a first orientation,relative to the one or more biometric sensors, that does not meet afirst enrollment criteria, producing audio in a first audio productionmode, wherein audio produced in the first audio production mode isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from a first locationthat is not a location of the one or more biometric sensors and is not alocation of the first speaker or the second speaker; while theelectronic device remains in the first audio production mode: detectinga change in orientation of the biometric feature relative to the one ormore biometric sensors from the first orientation to a secondorientation; and in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation of the biometric feature meets the first enrollmentcriteria: storing first image data corresponding to the biometricfeature from the one or biometric sensors captured while the biometricfeature is in the second orientation; and producing audio in a secondaudio production mode, wherein audio produced in the second audioproduction mode is generated so as to simulate audio being produced froma second location that is not the location of the one or more biometricsensors and is not the location of the first speaker or the secondspeaker, wherein the first location is different from the secondlocation.

In accordance with some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium is described. The non-transitory storage medium storesone or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processorsof an electronic device having one or more biometric sensors, andoperably connected to a first speaker and a second speaker. The one ormore programs including instructions for: while detecting that abiometric feature is in a first orientation, relative to the one or morebiometric sensors, that does not meet a first enrollment criteria,producing audio in a first audio production mode, wherein audio producedin the first audio production mode is generated so as to simulate audiobeing produced from a first location that is not a location of the oneor more biometric sensors and is not a location of the first speaker orthe second speaker; and while the electronic device remains in the firstaudio production mode: detecting a change in orientation of thebiometric feature relative to the one or more biometric sensors from thefirst orientation to a second orientation; and in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation of the biometric feature meetsthe first enrollment criteria: storing first image data corresponding tothe biometric feature from the one or biometric sensors captured whilethe biometric feature is in the second orientation; and producing audioin a second audio production mode, wherein audio produced in the secondaudio production mode is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from a second location that is not the location of the one ormore biometric sensors and is not the location of the first speaker orthe second speaker, wherein the first location is different from thesecond location.

In accordance with some embodiments, a transitory computer-readablestorage medium is described. The transitory storage medium stores one ormore programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of anelectronic device having one or more biometric sensors, and operablyconnected to a first speaker and a second speaker. The one or moreprograms including instructions for: while detecting that a biometricfeature is in a first orientation, relative to the one or more biometricsensors, that does not meet a first enrollment criteria, producing audioin a first audio production mode, wherein audio produced in the firstaudio production mode is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from a first location that is not a location of the one or morebiometric sensors and is not a location of the first speaker or thesecond speaker; and while the electronic device remains in the firstaudio production mode: detecting a change in orientation of thebiometric feature relative to the one or more biometric sensors from thefirst orientation to a second orientation; and in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation of the biometric feature meetsthe first enrollment criteria: storing first image data corresponding tothe biometric feature from the one or biometric sensors captured whilethe biometric feature is in the second orientation; and producing audioin a second audio production mode, wherein audio produced in the secondaudio production mode is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from a second location that is not the location of the one ormore biometric sensors and is not the location of the first speaker orthe second speaker, wherein the first location is different from thesecond location.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device including: oneor more biometric sensors; one or more processors operably connected toa first speaker and second speaker; and memory storing one or moreprograms configured to be executed by the one or more processors isdescribed. The one or more programs including instructions for: whiledetecting that a biometric feature is in a first orientation, relativeto the one or more biometric sensors, that does not meet a firstenrollment criteria, producing audio in a first audio production mode,wherein audio produced in the first audio production mode is generatedso as to simulate audio being produced from a first location that is nota location of the one or more biometric sensors and is not a location ofthe first speaker or the second speaker; and while the electronic deviceremains in the first audio production mode: detecting a change inorientation of the biometric feature relative to the one or morebiometric sensors from the first orientation to a second orientation;and in accordance with a determination that the second orientation ofthe biometric feature meets the first enrollment criteria: storing firstimage data corresponding to the biometric feature from the one orbiometric sensors captured while the biometric feature is in the secondorientation; and producing audio in a second audio production mode,wherein audio produced in the second audio production mode is generatedso as to simulate audio being produced from a second location that isnot the location of the one or more biometric sensors and is not thelocation of the first speaker or the second speaker, wherein the firstlocation is different from the second location.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device is described.The electronic device include: one or more biometric sensors; one ormore processors operably connected to a first speaker and a secondspeaker; means for producing audio in a first audio production mode,while detecting that a biometric feature is in a first orientation,relative to the one or more biometric sensors, that does not meet afirst enrollment criteria, wherein audio produced in the first audioproduction mode is generated so as to simulate audio being produced froma first location that is not a location of the one or more biometricsensors and is not a location of the first speaker or the secondspeaker; means for detecting, while the electronic device remains in thefirst audio production mode, a change in orientation of the biometricfeature relative to the one or more biometric sensors from the firstorientation to a second orientation; means for storing, while theelectronic device remains in the first audio production mode and inaccordance with a determination that the second orientation of thebiometric feature meets the first enrollment criteria, first image datacorresponding to the biometric feature from the one or biometric sensorscaptured while the biometric feature is in the second orientation; andmeans for producing, while the electronic device remains in the firstaudio production mode and in accordance with a determination that thesecond orientation of the biometric feature meets the first enrollmentcriteria, audio in a second audio production mode, wherein audioproduced in the second audio production mode is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from a second location that is not thelocation of the one or more biometric sensors and is not the location ofthe first speaker or the second speaker, wherein the first location isdifferent from the second location.

Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally,included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or othercomputer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are,optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium orother computer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors.

Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods andinterfaces for audio-assisted enrollment of biometric features, therebyincreasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction withsuch devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replaceother methods for audio-assisted enrollment of biometric features.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments,reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, inconjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numeralsrefer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction devicewith a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6K illustrate exemplary techniques for audio-assisted biometricenrollment, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate exemplary techniques for audio-assisted biometricenrollment, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate exemplary techniques for audio-assisted biometricenrollment, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 9A-9C is a flow diagram illustrating a method for audio-assistedbiometric enrollment in accordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, andthe like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is notintended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but isinstead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.

There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methodsand interfaces for audio-assisted enrollment of one or more biometricfeatures, such as a user's face or a user's eye (e.g., iris). Forexample, spatial audio can provide users with contextual awareness ofthe state of the electronic device, particularly the state of abiometric enrollment process of the electronic device. Such techniquescan reduce the cognitive burden on a user while enrolling biometricfeatures, thereby enhancing productivity. Further, such techniques canreduce processor and battery power otherwise wasted on redundant userinputs or enrollment attempts.

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, 4A-4B, and 5A-5B provide a description ofexemplary devices for performing the techniques for managing eventnotifications. FIGS. 6A-6K, 7A-7D, and 8A-8C illustrate exemplary userinterfaces for audio-assisted enrollment of one or more biometricfeatures. FIGS. 9A-9C is a flow diagram illustrating methods ofaudio-assisted enrollment of one or more biometric features inaccordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in FIGS. 6A-6K,7A-7D, and 8A-8C are used to illustrate the processes described below,including the processes in FIGS. 9A-9C.

Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. todescribe various elements, these elements should not be limited by theterms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element fromanother. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and,similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, withoutdeparting from the scope of the various described embodiments. The firsttouch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the sametouch.

The terminology used in the description of the various describedembodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in thedescription of the various described embodiments and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as usedherein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be furtherunderstood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “inresponse to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on thecontext. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a statedcondition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upondetermining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [thestated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the statedcondition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as amobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/ormusic player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunctiondevices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad®devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronicdevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are,optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in someembodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but isa desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screendisplay and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes oneor more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physicalkeyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one ormore of the following: a drawing application, a presentationapplication, a word processing application, a website creationapplication, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, agaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencingapplication, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, aworkout support application, a photo management application, a digitalcamera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsingapplication, a digital music player application, and/or a digital videoplayer application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally useat least one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the deviceare, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the nextand/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physicalarchitecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the deviceoptionally supports the variety of applications with user interfacesthat are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustratingportable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display 112 issometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes knownas or called a “touch-sensitive display system.” Device 100 includesmemory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readablestorage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units(CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106,other input control devices 116, and external port 124. Device 100optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164. Device 100optionally includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 fordetecting intensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitivesurface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100).Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 167for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactileoutputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). Thesecomponents optionally communicate over one or more communication busesor signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of acontact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure(force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on thetouch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force orpressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of acontact has a range of values that includes at least four distinctvalues and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., atleast 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (ormeasured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinationsof sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath oradjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measureforce at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In someimplementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors arecombined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of acontact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally,used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitivesurface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on thetouch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of thetouch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto,and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to thecontact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute forthe force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Insome implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force orpressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity thresholdhas been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in unitscorresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations,the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are convertedto an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressureis used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded(e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in unitsof pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a userinput allows for user access to additional device functionality that mayotherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device withlimited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on atouch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via atouch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or aphysical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output”refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previousposition of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component(e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relativeto a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the deviceor the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a userthat is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of auser's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacementwill be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding toa perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or thecomponent of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally,interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physicalactuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensationsuch as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement ofa physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surfacethat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. Asanother example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally,interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitivesurface, even when there is no change in smoothness of thetouch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a userwill be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user,there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a largemajority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described ascorresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “upclick,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, thegenerated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of thedevice or a component thereof that will generate the described sensoryperception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has moreor fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or morecomponents, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangementof the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A areimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware andsoftware, including one or more signal processing and/orapplication-specific integrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory controller 122optionally controls access to memory 102 by other components of device100.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data. In some embodiments, peripheralsinterface 118, CPU 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally,implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some otherembodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The RF circuitry 108optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near fieldcommunication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communicationradio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but notlimited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced DataGSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity(Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n,and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, aprotocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP)and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensiblemessaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol forInstant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), InstantMessaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service(SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, includingcommunication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of thisdocument.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally,retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jackprovides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripheralsinterface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller156, optical sensor controller 158, depth camera controller 169,intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and oneor more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. Theone or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signalsfrom/to other input control devices 116. The other input control devices116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rockerbuttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and soforth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are,optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, aninfrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The oneor more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2) optionally include an up/down buttonfor volume control of speaker 111 and/or microphone 113. The one or morebuttons optionally include a push button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock of touchscreen 112 or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on thetouch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by PerformingGestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No.7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Alonger press of the push button (e.g., 206) optionally turns power todevice 100 on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttonsare, optionally, user-customizable. Touch screen 112 is used toimplement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.

Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an outputinterface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receivesand/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionallyincludes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof(collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all ofthe visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects.

Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set ofsensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactilecontact. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with anyassociated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detectcontact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen112 and convert the detected contact into interaction withuser-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages,or images) that are displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplaryembodiment, a point of contact between touch screen 112 and the usercorresponds to a finger of the user.

Touch screen 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display)technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED(light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologiesare used in other embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof usingany of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or laterdeveloped, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared,and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximitysensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points ofcontact with touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projectedmutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in theiPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 is,optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads describedin the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat.No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932(Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However,touch screen 112 displays visual output from device 100, whereastouch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 isdescribed in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2,2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “MultipointTouchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30,2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures ForTouch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User InterfacesFor Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On ATouch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A TouchScreen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. Allof these applications are incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety.

Touch screen 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi.In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution ofapproximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact with touchscreen 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, afinger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface isdesigned to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures,which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger areaof contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, thedevice translates the rough finger-based input into a precisepointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired bythe user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100optionally includes a touchpad for activating or deactivating particularfunctions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive areaof the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visualoutput. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that isseparate from touch screen 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitivesurface formed by the touch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller 158in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor 164 optionally includescharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor 164 receives light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts thelight to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module143 (also called a camera module), optical sensor 164 optionallycaptures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensoris located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabledfor use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. Insome embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of thedevice so that the user's image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conferenceparticipants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, theposition of optical sensor 164 can be changed by the user (e.g., byrotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a singleoptical sensor 164 is used along with the touch screen display for bothvideo conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more depth camera sensors175. FIG. 1A shows a depth camera sensor coupled to depth cameracontroller 169 in I/O subsystem 106. Depth camera sensor 175 receivesdata from the environment to create a three dimensional model of anobject (e.g., a face) within a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a depthcamera sensor). In some embodiments, in conjunction with imaging module143 (also called a camera module), depth camera sensor 175 is optionallyused to determine a depth map of different portions of an image capturedby the imaging module 143. In some embodiments, a depth camera sensor islocated on the front of device 100 so that the user's image with depthinformation is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while theuser views the other video conference participants on the touch screendisplay and to capture selfies with depth map data. In some embodiments,the depth camera sensor 175 is located on the back of device, or on theback and the front of the device 100. In some embodiments, the positionof depth camera sensor 175 can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotatingthe lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a depth camerasensor 175 is used along with the touch screen display for both videoconferencing and still and/or video image acquisition.

In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image) containsinformation (e.g., values) that relates to the distance of objects in ascene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera, an optical sensor, a depthcamera sensor). In one embodiment of a depth map, each depth pixeldefines the position in the viewpoint's Z-axis where its correspondingtwo-dimensional pixel is located. In some embodiments, a depth map iscomposed of pixels wherein each pixel is defined by a value (e.g.,0-255). For example, the “0” value represents pixels that are located atthe most distant place in a “three dimensional” scene and the “255”value represents pixels that are located closest to a viewpoint (e.g., acamera, an optical sensor, a depth camera sensor) in the “threedimensional” scene. In other embodiments, a depth map represents thedistance between an object in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint. Insome embodiments, the depth map includes information about the relativedepth of various features of an object of interest in view of the depthcamera (e.g., the relative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user'sface). In some embodiments, the depth map includes information thatenables the device to determine contours of the object of interest in az direction.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled tointensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensitysensor 165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges,capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric forcesensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, orother intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (orpressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensitysensor 165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressureinformation or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment.In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocatedwith, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitivedisplay system 112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensitysensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch screendisplay 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is, optionally, coupled to inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Proximity sensor 166 optionallyperforms as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839,“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “ProximityDetector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient LightSensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862,“Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In PortableDevices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For AutomaticConfiguration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensorturns off and disables touch screen 112 when the multifunction device isplaced near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 167. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled tohaptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile outputgenerator 167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). Contact intensity sensor 165 receives tactile feedbackgeneration instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generatestactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a userof device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile outputgenerator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates atactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g.,in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth inthe same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, atleast one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice 100, opposite touch screen display 112, which is located on thefront of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 168. FIG.1A shows accelerometer 168 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, accelerometer 168 is, optionally, coupled to an inputcontroller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. Accelerometer 168 optionallyperforms as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059,“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable ElectronicDevices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods AndApparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,”both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Insome embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen displayin a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of datareceived from the one or more accelerometers. Device 100 optionallyincludes, in addition to accelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer and a GPS(or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver for obtaininginformation concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait orlandscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or setof instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set ofinstructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136.Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3)stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3.Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: activeapplication state, indicating which applications, if any, are currentlyactive; display state, indicating what applications, views or otherinformation occupy various regions of touch screen display 112; sensorstate, including information obtained from the device's various sensorsand input control devices 116; and location information concerning thedevice's location and/or attitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includesvarious software components and/or drivers for controlling and managinggeneral system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control,power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between varioushardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch screen112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and othertouch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel).Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components forperforming various operations related to detection of contact, such asdetermining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-downevent), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force orpressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of thecontact), determining if there is movement of the contact and trackingthe movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one ormore finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased(e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact).Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitivesurface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which isrepresented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determiningspeed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or anacceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point ofcontact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts(e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g.,“multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments,contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on atouchpad.

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 uses a set of one or moreintensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has beenperformed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” onan icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensitythresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g.,the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholdsof particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changingthe physical hardware of device 100). For example, a mouse “click”threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of alarge range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpador touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations,a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjustingone or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjustingindividual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality ofintensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity”parameter).

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities ofdetected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected bydetecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a fingertap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detectinga finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially thesame position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of anicon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on thetouch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followedby detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display,including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness,transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) ofgraphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics”includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, withoutlimitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objectsincluding soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned acorresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applicationsetc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with,if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and thengenerates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components forgenerating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 167 toproduce tactile outputs at one or more locations on device 100 inresponse to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphicsmodule 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in variousapplications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, andany other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing; to camera 143 as picture/video metadata;and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   Telephone module 138;    -   Video conference module 139;    -   E-mail client module 140;    -   Instant messaging (IM) module 141;    -   Workout support module 142;    -   Camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   Image management module 144;    -   Video player module;    -   Music player module;    -   Browser module 147;    -   Calendar module 148;    -   Widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of:        weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget        149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and        other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created        widgets 149-6;    -   Widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   Search module 151;    -   Video and music player module 152, which merges video player        module and music player module;    -   Notes module 153;    -   Map module 154; and/or    -   Online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory 102 include other word processing applications, other imageediting applications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, contacts module 137 are, optionally, used to manage an address bookor contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 ofcontacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: addingname(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book;associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physicaladdress(es) or other information with a name; associating an image witha name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers ore-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications bytelephone 138, video conference module 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; andso forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact/motionmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephonemodule 138 are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characterscorresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephonenumbers in contacts module 137, modify a telephone number that has beenentered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, anddisconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As notedabove, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality ofcommunications standards, protocols, and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130, graphicsmodule 132, text input module 134, contacts module 137, and telephonemodule 138, video conference module 139 includes executable instructionsto initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a userand one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executableinstructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response touser instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144,e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mailswith still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executableinstructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to aninstant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit arespective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service(SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-basedinstant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-basedinstant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view receivedinstant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or receivedinstant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, videofiles and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or anEnhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging”refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMSor MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP,SIMPLE, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music playermodule, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions tocreate workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burninggoals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receiveworkout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; selectand play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workoutdata.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, opticalsensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact/motion module 130,graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143includes executable instructions to capture still images or video(including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modifycharacteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image orvideo from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134,and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executableinstructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate,label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), andstore still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and textinput module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions tobrowse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, includingsearching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portionsthereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147,calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display,modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g.,calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 aremini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user(e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or createdby the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, awidget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In someembodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) fileand a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning auser-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search fortext, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 thatmatch one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specifiedsearch terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110,speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and musicplayer module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the userto download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored inone or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executableinstructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g.,on touch screen 112 or on an external, connected display via externalport 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes thefunctionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of AppleInc.).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create andmanage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, textinput module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps anddata associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores andother points of interest at or near a particular location, and otherlocation-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156,contact/motion module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110,speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail clientmodule 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includesinstructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., bystreaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or onan external, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mailwith a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage onlinevideos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments,instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, isused to send a link to a particular online video. Additional descriptionof the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20,2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “PortableMultifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for PlayingOnline Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules,and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video playermodule is, optionally, combined with music player module into a singlemodule (e.g., video and music player module 152, FIG. 1A). In someembodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules anddata structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionallystores additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through atouch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation betweenuser interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by theuser, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menubutton” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, themenu button is a physical push button or other physical input controldevice instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g., inoperating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., any ofthe aforementioned applications 137-151, 155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitivedisplay 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touchgesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receivesfrom I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166,accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/Osubsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or atouch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripherals interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more viewswhen touch-sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views aremade up of controls and other elements that a user can see on thedisplay.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levelswithin a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example,the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally,called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as properinputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hitview of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule 172, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related tothe same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hitview.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver 182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inheritsmethods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective eventhandler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176,object updater 177, or GUI updater 178 to update the applicationinternal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 include one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170 and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event deliveryinstructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the eventinformation optionally also includes speed and direction of thesub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to alandscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event informationincludes corresponding information about the current orientation (alsocalled device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event (187) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments,the event also includes information for one or more associated eventhandlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine whichof the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch(sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respectiveevent handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit testto determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example,event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with thesub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event (187) alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. Insome embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varyinglevels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. Forexample, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinatedwith single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movementssuch as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs;movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements;biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilizedas inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to berecognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screenoptionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200.In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabledto select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on thegraphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scalein the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in thefigure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurswhen the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In someembodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one ormore swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward),and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upwardand/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In someimplementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphicdoes not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweepsover an application icon optionally does not select the correspondingapplication when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as“home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is,optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set ofapplications that are, optionally, executed on device 100.Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as asoft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen 112.

In some embodiments, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking thedevice, volume adjustment button(s) 208, subscriber identity module(SIM) card slot 210, headset jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/offon the device by depressing the button and holding the button in thedepressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device bydepressing the button and releasing the button before the predefinedtime interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate anunlock process. In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also acceptsverbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch screen 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 167 forgenerating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPUs) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components.Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface 330 alsooptionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generatingtactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile outputgenerator(s) 167 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359(e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contactintensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed randomaccess memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solidstate memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, suchas one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storagedevices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storagedevices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devicesremotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 storesprograms, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs,modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and datastructures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawingmodule 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, websitecreation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheetmodule 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG.1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above-identified elements in FIG. 3 is, optionally, storedin one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of theabove-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions forperforming a function described above. The above-identified modules orprograms (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented asseparate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus varioussubsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwiserearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules anddata structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces thatare, optionally, implemented on, for example, portable multifunctiondevice 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implementedon device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 404;    -   Bluetooth indicator 405;    -   Battery status indicator 406;    -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which            optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed            calls or voicemail messages;        -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which            optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread            e-mails;        -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and        -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, also            referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,            labeled “iPod;” and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages;”        -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”        -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”        -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”        -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online            Video;”        -   Icon 434 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”        -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Maps;”        -   Icon 438 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”        -   Icon 440 for alarm clock widget 149-4, labeled “Clock;”        -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout            Support;”        -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and        -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, labeled            “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device 100            and its various applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A aremerely exemplary. For example, icon 422 for video and music playermodule 152 is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are,optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, alabel for a respective application icon includes a name of anapplication corresponding to the respective application icon. In someembodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct froma name of an application corresponding to the particular applicationicon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450 (e.g.,touch screen display 112). Device 300 also, optionally, includes one ormore contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors 359) fordetecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface 451 and/orone or more tactile output generators 357 for generating tactile outputsfor a user of device 300.

Although some of the examples that follow will be given with referenceto inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch-sensitive surfaceand the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detectsinputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display,as shown in FIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) thatcorresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display(e.g., 450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detectscontacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display(e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470).In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movementsthereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interfaceon the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device whenthe touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should beunderstood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other userinterfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input).For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click(e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor alongthe path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). Asanother example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouseclick while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture(e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detectthe contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneouslydetected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are,optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are,optionally, used simultaneously.

FIG. 5A illustrates exemplary personal electronic device 500. Device 500includes body 502. In some embodiments, device 500 can include some orall of the features described with respect to devices 100 and 300 (e.g.,FIGS. 1A-4B). In some embodiments, device 500 has touch-sensitivedisplay screen 504, hereafter touch screen 504. Alternatively, or inaddition to touch screen 504, device 500 has a display and atouch-sensitive surface. As with devices 100 and 300, in someembodiments, touch screen 504 (or the touch-sensitive surface)optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detectingintensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or moreintensity sensors of touch screen 504 (or the touch-sensitive surface)can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. Theuser interface of device 500 can respond to touches based on theirintensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invokedifferent user interface operations on device 500.

Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity arefound, for example, in related applications: International PatentApplication Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface ObjectsCorresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPOPublication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent ApplicationSerial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical UserInterface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No.WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more input mechanisms 506 and508. Input mechanisms 506 and 508, if included, can be physical.Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatablemechanisms. In some embodiments, device 500 has one or more attachmentmechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permitattachment of device 500 with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings,necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers,belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachmentmechanisms permit device 500 to be worn by a user.

FIG. 5B depicts exemplary personal electronic device 500. In someembodiments, device 500 can include some or all of the componentsdescribed with respect to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 3. Device 500 has bus 512that operatively couples I/O section 514 with one or more computerprocessors 516 and memory 518. I/O section 514 can be connected todisplay 504, which can have touch-sensitive component 522 and,optionally, intensity sensor 524 (e.g., contact intensity sensor). Inaddition, I/O section 514 can be connected with communication unit 530for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi,Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or otherwireless communication techniques. Device 500 can include inputmechanisms 506 and/or 508. Input mechanism 506 is, optionally, arotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, forexample. Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a button, in some examples.

Input mechanism 508 is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples.Personal electronic device 500 optionally includes various sensors, suchas GPS sensor 532, accelerometer 534, directional sensor 540 (e.g.,compass), gyroscope 536, motion sensor 538, and/or a combinationthereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section 514.

Memory 518 of personal electronic device 500 can include one or morenon-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storingcomputer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one or morecomputer processors 516, for example, can cause the computer processorsto perform the techniques described below, including process 900 (FIGS.9A-9C). A computer-readable storage medium can be any medium that cantangibly contain or store computer-executable instructions for use by orin connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, ordevice. In some examples, the storage medium is a transitorycomputer-readable storage medium. In some examples, the storage mediumis a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to,magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examples of suchstorage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD, orBlu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory such asflash, solid-state drives, and the like. Personal electronic device 500is not limited to the components and configuration of FIG. 5B, but caninclude other or additional components in multiple configurations.

As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactivegraphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on thedisplay screen of devices 100, 300, and/or 500 (FIGS. 1A, 3, and 5A-5B).For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink)each optionally constitute an affordance.

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input elementthat indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user isinteracting. In some implementations that include a cursor or otherlocation marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when aninput (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 451 in FIG. 4B)while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., abutton, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particularuser interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detectedinput. In some implementations that include a touch screen display(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or touch screen 112in FIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elementson the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen actsas a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by thecontact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of aparticular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, orother user interface element), the particular user interface element isadjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations,focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region ofthe user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor ormovement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tabkey or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); inthese implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance withmovement of focus between different regions of the user interface.Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, thefocus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on atouch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as tocommunicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface(e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interfacewith which the user is intending to interact). For example, the locationof a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) overa respective button while a press input is detected on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicatethat the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposedto other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristicintensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact basedon one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. Thecharacteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number ofintensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during apredetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting thecontact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or afterdetecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an endof the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity ofthe contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity ofthe contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally,based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of thecontact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an averagevalue of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value ofthe intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of theintensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of theintensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, theduration of the contact is used in determining the characteristicintensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of theintensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensitythresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by auser. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholdsoptionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensitythreshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensitythat does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, acontact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensitythreshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results ina second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity thatexceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In someembodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and oneor more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one ormore operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation orforgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used todetermine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.

In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposesof determining a characteristic intensity. For example, atouch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contacttransitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, atwhich point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, thecharacteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is,optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, andnot the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipecontact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithmis, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior todetermining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example,the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: anunweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothingalgorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponentialsmoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithmseliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contactfor purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.

The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is,optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds,such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensitythreshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more otherintensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensitythreshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will performoperations typically associated with clicking a button of a physicalmouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensitythreshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will performoperations that are different from operations typically associated withclicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In someembodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominalcontact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is nolonger detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordancewith movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface withoutperforming an operation associated with the light press intensitythreshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unlessotherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent betweendifferent sets of user interface figures.

An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensitybelow the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between thelight press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity thresholdis sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase ofcharacteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deeppress intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensitythreshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increaseof characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below thecontact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between thecontact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensitythreshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on thetouch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contactfrom an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to anintensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimesreferred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface.In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero.In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold isgreater than zero.

In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations areperformed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respectivepress input or in response to detecting the respective press inputperformed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), wherethe respective press input is detected based at least in part ondetecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality ofcontacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments,the respective operation is performed in response to detecting theincrease in intensity of the respective contact above the press-inputintensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective pressinput). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase inintensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensitythreshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact belowthe press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation isperformed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensityof the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “upstroke” of the respective press input).

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoidaccidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines orselects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationshipto the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensitythreshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensitythreshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or somereasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, insome embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity ofthe respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresisintensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensitythreshold, and the respective operation is performed in response todetecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contactbelow the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of therespective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press inputis detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of thecontact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity thresholdto an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and,optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to anintensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respectiveoperation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g.,the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity ofthe contact, depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed inresponse to a press input associated with a press-input intensitythreshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are,optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase inintensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, anincrease in intensity of a contact from an intensity below thehysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-inputintensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below thepress-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of thecontact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to thepress-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where anoperation is described as being performed in response to detecting adecrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensitythreshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response todetecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresisintensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-inputintensity threshold.

As used herein, an “installed application” refers to a softwareapplication that has been downloaded onto an electronic device (e.g.,devices 100, 300, and/or 500) and is ready to be launched (e.g., becomeopened) on the device. In some embodiments, a downloaded applicationbecomes an installed application by way of an installation program thatextracts program portions from a downloaded package and integrates theextracted portions with the operating system of the computer system.

As used herein, the terms “open application” or “executing application”refer to a software application with retained state information (e.g.,as part of device/global internal state 157 and/or application internalstate 192). An open or executing application is, optionally, any one ofthe following types of applications:

-   -   an active application, which is currently displayed on a display        screen of the device that the application is being used on;    -   a background application (or background processes), which is not        currently displayed, but one or more processes for the        application are being processed by one or more processors; and    -   a suspended or hibernated application, which is not running, but        has state information that is stored in memory (volatile and        non-volatile, respectively) and that can be used to resume        execution of the application.

As used herein, the term “closed application” refers to softwareapplications without retained state information (e.g., state informationfor closed applications is not stored in a memory of the device).Accordingly, closing an application includes stopping and/or removingapplication processes for the application and removing state informationfor the application from the memory of the device. Generally, opening asecond application while in a first application does not close the firstapplication. When the second application is displayed and the firstapplication ceases to be displayed, the first application becomes abackground application.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device,such as portable multifunction device 100, device 300, or device 500.

FIGS. 6A-6K, 7A-7D, and 8A-8C illustrate exemplary techniques foraudio-assisted biometric enrollment, in accordance with someembodiments. The techniques in these figures are used to illustrate theprocesses described below, including the processes in FIGS. 9A-9C. Ingeneral, the embodiments of 6A-6K, 7A-7D, and 8A-8C illustrate the useof spatial audio techniques (e.g., techniques for simulating and/orcontrolling sound localization (e.g., as perceived by a user)) so as tosimulate audio being produced from various locations, includinglocations that are distinct from the location of the electronic deviceoutputting the audio. In some embodiments, the spatial audio is producedbased on one or more functions such as a head-related transfer function,an interaural time difference function, and a cross cancellationfunction. In some embodiments, the spatial audio is produced based onone or more environmental (e.g., ambient noise), device contextual(e.g., orientation of the device, movement of the device, or currentaudio playback status of the device), or user-specific parameters (e.g.,user orientation with respect to the device, user positioning/distancefrom the device).

FIGS. 6A-6G depict (in the upper portion) device 600, a smart phone,displaying a biometric enrollment interface 604 on display 602. Device600 further includes a biometric sensor 606, a first speaker 608 and asecond speaker 610, positioned along the bottom edge of device 600. Insome embodiments, device 600 further includes one or more features ofdevice 100, device 300, or device 500.

In some embodiments, biometric sensor 606 includes one or more camerassuch as a visible light camera, a depth camera, such as an infraredcamera, a thermographic camera, or a combination thereof. In someexamples, the device further includes a light-emitting device (e.g.,light projector), such an IR flood light, a structured light projector,or a combination thereof. The light-emitting device is, optionally, usedto illuminate the subject during capture of the image by a visible lightcamera and a depth camera (e.g., an IR camera) and the information fromthe depth camera and the visible light camera are used to determine adepth map of different portions of subject captured by the visible lightcamera. In some embodiments, a depth map (e.g., depth map image)contains information (e.g., values) that relates to the distance ofobjects in a scene from a viewpoint (e.g., a camera). In one embodimentof a depth map, each depth pixel defines the position in the viewpoint'sZ-axis where its corresponding two-dimensional pixel is located. In someexamples, a depth map is composed of pixels wherein each pixel isdefined by a value (e.g., 0-255). For example, the “0” value representspixels that are located at the most distant place in a “threedimensional” scene and the “255” value represents pixels that arelocated closest to a viewpoint (e.g., camera) in the “three dimensional”scene. In other examples, a depth map represents the distance between anobject in a scene and the plane of the viewpoint.) In some embodiments,the depth map includes information about the relative depth of variousfeatures of an object of interest in view of the depth camera (e.g., therelative depth of eyes, nose, mouth, ears of a user's face). In someembodiments, the depth map includes information that enables the deviceto determine contours of the object of interest in a z direction. Insome embodiments, the lighting effects described herein are displayedusing disparity information from two cameras (e.g., two visual lightcameras) for rear facing images and using depth information from a depthcamera combined with image data from a visual light camera for frontfacing images (e.g., selfie images). In some embodiments, the same userinterface is used when the two visual light cameras are used todetermine the depth information and when the depth camera is used todetermine the depth information, providing the user with a consistentexperience, even when using dramatically different technologies todetermine the information that is used when generating the lightingeffects. In some embodiments, while displaying the camera user interfacewith one of the lighting effects applied, the device detects selectionof a camera switching affordance and switches from the front facingcameras (e.g., a depth camera and a visible light camera) to the rearfacing cameras (e.g., two visible light cameras that are spaced apartfrom each other) (or vice versa) while maintaining display of the userinterface controls for applying the lighting effect and replacingdisplay of the field of view of the front facing cameras to the field ofview of the rear facing cameras (or vice versa).

Additionally, FIGS. 6A-6G depicts (in the bottom portion) an overheadview 601 of user 603, interacting with device 600, as well as a top viewof device 600, at the same point in time. As seen in the overhead view,user 603 is positioned a distance D from device 600, with the display ofdevice 600 directly facing user 603. In some embodiments, device 600determines distance D using data from at least a depth camera ofbiometric sensor 606. Overhead view 601 is not part of any userinterface of device 600. Similarly, visual elements displayed outside ofthe display 602 of device 600 are not part of the displayed userinterface, but are illustrated to provide the reader with a betterunderstanding of the techniques described herein.

At FIG. 6A, device 600 displays, on display 602, biometric enrollmentinterface 604, which is a user interface for facilitating biometricenrollment of one or more portions of user 603 (e.g., for later use inbiometric enrollment techniques). Biometric enrollment interface 604includes a user image 612 a, a progress meter 614, which includesprogress ticks 614 a and 614 b that depict the status of biometricenrollment. In FIG. 6A, upper (ticks 614 b) and lower portions ofprogress meter 614 are darkened, indicating that certain portions of theuser's face (e.g., upper and lower portions) of the user's face havealready been successfully captured as part of the overall enrollmentprocess. In contrast, left (ticks 614 a) and right portions of progressmeter 614 remain undarkened/unfilled, indicating that the left and rightportions of the user's face still remain uncaptured. Biometric interface604 further includes text 616 to guide the user in the actions needed tocomplete the biometric enrollment process.

While displaying the user interface seen in FIG. 6A, device 600 detectsthat the user's face 605 is in an orientation relative to the biometricsensor 606 that does not meet enrollment criteria (e.g., face 605 is notorientated so as to permit capture of the right portion of the user'sface). Device 600 proceeds to produce both audio and visual cues tofurther guide the user in the process of biometric authentication, asseen in FIG. 6B. In some embodiments, device 600 produces audio andvisual cues only after device 600 detects the user maintaining anorientation that that does not meet enrollment criteria for at least apredetermined period of time (e.g., 5 seconds).

At FIG. 6B, device 600 displays, on display 602, movement prompt 618 a(e.g., an animation guiding user 603 to turn his head to the left so asto permit capture of the right portion of his face) along with text 616b. Device 600 also outputs directional haptics 622 a, via one or morehaptic actuators. At the same time, device 600 outputs, in a (e.g.,first) audio production mode, spatial audio 620 a that is initiallycalculated to simulate audio being produced from a location D_(I) (aninitial location calculated by the device) that is to the left of theactual position of device 600, including the position of integratedspeakers 608 and 610 of device 600, and at an angle ΘD_(I) based on acenter line between user 603 and device 600, as seen in overhead view601. In some embodiments, location D_(I) is determined based on a targetorientation of the user's face that would allow for capture of a portion(e.g., a right portion) of the user's face required for successfulbiometric enrollment. However, due to one or more environmental (e.g.,ambient noise), device contextual (e.g., orientation of the device,movement of the device, or current audio playback status of the device),or user-specific factors (e.g., user orientation with respect to thedevice, user positioning/distance from the device, specificphysiological characteristics of user 603 (e.g., the user's ear and/orhead shape)), user 603 localizes audio 620 a as being produced from alocation U_(I) (an initial location perceived by the user) that isspaced apart from location D_(I) and at an angle ΘU_(I) based on acenter line between user 603 and device 600. As seen in FIG. 6B, angleΘU_(I) is less than angle ΘD_(I).

At FIG. 6C, user 603 turns his head to the left so as to align thecenterline of his head with location U_(I), based on the user'sperception of the localization of audio 620 a. Device 600 detects, viabiometric sensor 606, that the orientation of the user's face haschanged with respect to device 600 and, in response, updates display ofuser image 612 b to reflect the change in orientation and partiallyfills ticks 614 a indicating partial progress towards enrolling acorresponding portion (e.g., the right portion) of the user's face.However, because angle ΘU_(I) is less than angle ΘD_(I), the user's faceis not properly orientated so as to complete capture of the rightportion of the user's face. In some embodiments, after detecting (e.g.,via the biometric sensor 606) that the user has maintained arepositioned orientation (e.g., after the production of audio 620 a)that does not align the user's face with ΘD_(I), thereby meetingfeedback criteria, device 600 adjusts one or more characteristics of theaudio output to produce adjusted audio 620 b, which is calculated tosimulate audio being produced from a location D_(A) (which is the samelocation as position D_(I)) that will align with the localizationperceived by user 603 at location U_(A). In some embodiments, audio 620b is determined based, at least in part, on the difference between angleΘD_(I) and angle ΘU_(I), thereby adjusting for/factoring in user 603'sspecific physiological characteristics affecting the perception of audiolocalization or other factors (e.g., environmental factors) that affectthe user's perceived localization. In some embodiments, device 600stores the information used to adjust the spatial audio based ascalibration data for use in generating subsequent spatial audio.

At FIG. 6D, device 600, in a (e.g., third) audio production mode, isproducing adjusted audio 620 b, which is calculated to be at positionD_(A) and is perceived by the user to be localized at position U_(A) anduser 603 has oriented his head so that the centerline of his head isaligned with position D_(A)/U_(A). While device 600 is producing audio620 b, device 600 detects, via biometric sensor 606, that the user'shead is oriented such that the centerline of the user's head is at anangle ΘD_(A)/ΘU_(A). In accordance with the orientation of the rightportion of the user's face meeting enrollment criteria (e.g., being at arequired angle with respect to biometric sensor 606), device 600 storesimage data (e.g., visible light image data and depth map image data)corresponding to the right portion of the user's face, captured usingthe biometric sensor 606. Further in accordance with the orientation ofthe right portion of the user's face meeting enrollment criteria, device600 fills in ticks 614 a and displays text 616 c, and outputs haptics622 b (e.g., haptics that are different (e.g., stronger andnon-directional) than haptics 622 a), indicating that the right portionof the user's face has successfully been captured. Device 600 updatesdisplay of user image 612 c, reflecting the detected change inorientation. In some embodiments, further in accordance with theorientation of the right portion of the user's face meeting enrollmentcriteria, device 600 outputs, in a (e.g., second) audio production mode,spatial audio that is (initially) calculated to simulate audio beingproduced from a location that is to the right of the actual position ofdevice 600 to guide user 603 to orient his face in a position to allowcapture and enrollment of the left portion of the user's face. In someembodiments, the spatial audio is produced subsequent to, but not inaccordance with, the orientation of the right portion of the user's facemeeting enrollment criteria. For example, the spatial audio is producedafter device 600 detects the user maintaining an orientation that thatdoes not meet enrollment criteria (e.g., enrollment criteria for theleft portion of the user's face) for at least a predetermined period oftime (e.g., 5 seconds) after the right portion of the user's face hassuccessfully been captured.

At FIG. 6E, device 600 displays, on display 602, movement prompt 618 b(e.g., an animation guiding user 603 to turn his head to the right so asto permit capture of the left portion of his face) along with text 616d. Device 600 also outputs directional haptics 622 b, via one or morehaptic actuators. At the same time, device 600 outputs, in a (second)audio production mode, spatial audio 620 c that is calculated tosimulate audio being produced from a location D_(I) (an initial locationcalculated by the device) that is to the right of the actual position ofdevice 600 (including the position of integrated speakers 608 and 610 ofdevice 600) and at an angle ΘD_(I) based on a center line between user603 and device 600, as seen in overhead view 601. In the embodiment ofFIG. 6E, device 600 uses calibration data obtained from the adjustmentof spatial audio 620 a to generate spatial audio 620 b to generatespatial audio 620 c. As a result, spatial audio 620 c is perceptuallylocalized by user 603 at location U_(I) that corresponds to locationD_(I) (e.g., corresponds without the need for further adjustment).

At FIG. 6F, device 600 detects, via biometric sensor 606, user 603turning his head to the right (e.g., turning his head so as to orient onthe perceived location of audio 620 c). In response to the detectedchange in orientation, device 600 updates display of user image 612 d toreflect the change in orientation and partially fills ticks 614 bindicating partial progress towards enrolling a corresponding portion(e.g., the left portion) of the user's face. Device 600 continues toproduce audio 620 c and directional haptics 622 c.

Just prior to FIG. 6G, device 600, remains in the second audioproduction mode and continues to produce spatial audio 620 c. At FIG.6G, while device 600 is producing audio 620 c, device 600 detects, viabiometric sensor 606, that the user's head is oriented such that thecenterline of the user's head is at an angle ΘD_(A)/ΘU_(A). Inaccordance with the orientation of the left portion of the user's facemeeting enrollment criteria (e.g., being at a required angle withrespect to biometric sensor 606), device 600 stores image data (e.g.,visible light image data and depth map image data) corresponding to theleft portion of the user's face, captured using the biometric sensor606. Further in accordance with the orientation of the left portion ofthe user's face meeting enrollment criteria, device 600 fills in ticks614 b and displays text 616 d, and outputs haptics 622 d (e.g.,non-directional haptics that are different than haptics 622 c)indicating that the left portion of the user's face has successfullybeen captured. Device 600 updates display of user image 612 e,reflecting the detected change in orientation.

At FIG. 6H, device 600 determines that overall enrollment criteria aremet (e.g., all required portions of the user's face have beensuccessfully captured) and displays text 616 e, signaling the successfulcompletion of biometric enrollment of the user's face.

FIG. 6I depicts the user interacting with device 600 at a point in timeafter successful completion of biometric enrollment of the user's face(e.g., after FIG. 6H). FIG. 6J depicts the user interface of device 600,as user 603 interacts with device 600. As shown in FIG. 6J, device 600displays a lock image 624, indicating that device 600 is in a lockedstate (e.g., a state in which one or functions of the device isinaccessible (e.g., inaccessible until authentication is provided).Device 600 determines that authentication criteria are met (e.g.,detects the presence of user 603 via biometric sensor 606, detects achange in orientation of the device (e.g., from lowered position to araised position), or detects a touch on touch-sensitive display 602) andperforms a biometric authentication check using data captured bybiometric sensor 606.

At FIG. 6K, device 600 determines that data captured by biometric sensor606 matches stored, authorized biometric data (e.g., user 603 isconfirmed to be the same user that performed the biometric enrollment ofFIGS. 6A-6H) and unlocks, as indicated by the updated display of lockimage 624 b. User 603 is now free to access previously inaccessiblefunctions of device 600.

FIGS. 7A-7D depicts a biometric enrollment process that shares somesimilarities with the biometric enrollment process of FIGS. 6A-6H. Incontrast to user 603 of FIGS. 6A-6H, user 703 of FIGS. 7A-7D is wearingwireless headphones 707, which are operatively connected to device 600(e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular,and/or other wireless communication techniques). Device 600 detects theconnection to headphones 707 and configures audio (including spatialaudio associated with biometric enrollment) to be outputted via theheadphones 707, rather than device speakers 608 and 610. In theembodiment of FIGS. 7A-7D, headphones 707 include a plurality ofspeakers and one or more physiological sensors that determinecharacteristics (e.g., the shape of the user's ears and/or head) of user703 that affect the perceptual localization of the spatial audio andtransmits information to device 600 that can be used to calibratespatial audio signals. Headphones 707 also includes one or moreaccelerometers configured to detect changes in orientation and positionof the headphones 707 and transmit information to device 600 that can beused to determine changes in orientation and position of the headphones,with respect to the position of device 600.

While displaying the user interface seen in FIG. 7A, which includesbiometric enrollment interface 704 includes a user image 712 a, text 716a, a progress meter 714, which includes progress ticks 714 a and 714 bthat depict the status of biometric enrollment, device 600 detects thatthe user's face 705 is in an orientation relative to the biometricsensor 606 that does not meet enrollment criteria (e.g., face 605 is notorientated so as to permit capture of the left portion of the user'sface). Device 600 proceeds to produce both audio and visual cues tofurther guide the user in the process of biometric authentication, asseen in FIG. 7B. In some embodiments, device 600 produces audio andvisual cues only after device 600 detects the user maintaining anorientation that that does not meet enrollment criteria for at least apredetermined period of time (e.g., 5 seconds).

At FIG. 7B, device 600 displays, on display 602, movement prompt 718 a(e.g., an animation guiding user 703 to turn his head to the right so asto permit capture of the left portion of his face) along with text 716b. Device 600 also outputs directional haptics 722 a, via one or morehaptic actuators. At the same time, device 600 outputs, in a (e.g.,first) audio production mode, spatial audio 720 a that is calculated tosimulate audio being produced from a location D_(I) (an initial locationcalculated by the device) that is to the right of the actual position ofdevice 600 and at an angle ΘD_(I) based on a center line between user703 and device 600, as seen in overhead view 701. In some embodiments,location D_(I) is determined based on a target orientation of the user'sface that would allow for capture of a portion (e.g., a left portion) ofthe user's face required for successful biometric enrollment. In theembodiment of FIG. 7B, device 600 uses calibration data obtained fromthe physiological sensors of headphones 707 to generate spatial audio720 a. As a result, spatial audio 720 a is perceptually localized byuser 703 at location U_(I) that corresponds to location D_(I) (e.g.,corresponds without the need for further adjustment).

At FIG. 7C, device 600 detects, via biometric sensor 606, user 703turning his head to the right (e.g., turning his head so as to orient onthe perceived location of audio 720 a). In response to the detectedchange in orientation, device 600 updates display of user image 712 b toreflect the change in orientation and partially fills ticks 714 bindicating partial progress towards enrolling a corresponding portion(e.g., the left portion) of the user's face. Device 600 continues toproduce audio 720 a and directional haptics 714 a. As shown in FIG. 7C,because user 703 is wearing headphones 707, the change in theorientation of the user's head with respect to device 600 causes acorresponding change in the orientation of headphones 707 with respectto device 600. Consequently, spatial audio 720 a would be perceptuallylocalized by the user at position U_(I), which is further to the rightof position U_(I) of FIG. 7A, prior to the change in orientation of theuser's head. As a result, the user's head would be at an angle ΘU_(I),with respect to a center line between user 703 and device 600, that isgreater than that of ΘU_(I) of FIG. 7B and that is greater than anoptimal angle for enrollment of the left portion of the user's face. Toavoid the phenomenon of the simulated position of the spatial audioshifts (e.g., constantly or intermittently shifts) with changes inorientation of the user's head, device 600 adjusts or modulates thespatial audio (e.g., while remaining in the first audio production mode)to produce adjusted spatial audio 720 b. In some embodiments, device 600adjust the spatial audio based on accelerometer data received fromheadphones 707 and/or based on data captured via biometric sensor 606,reflecting a change in orientation of the user's head and headphones707. In FIG. 7C, adjusted spatial audio 720 b simulates audio sourced ata position D_(A) that matches position D_(I) of FIG. 7B. In someembodiments, device 600 continues (e.g., constantly or intermittently)to adjust or modulate the spatial audio as further changes inorientation of the user's head are detected.

At FIG. 7D, device 600 is outputting spatial audio 720 c, an adjustedspatial audio that is perceptually localized by the user as directly infront, while the user's head is oriented at an angle ΘU_(A) that isoptimal for biometric capture of the left portion of the user's face.While device 600 is producing audio 720 c, device 600 detects, viabiometric sensor 606, that the user's head is oriented such that thecenterline of the user's head is at an angle ΘU_(A). In accordance withthe orientation of the left portion of the user's face meetingenrollment criteria (e.g., being at a required angle with respect tobiometric sensor 606), device 600 stores image data (e.g., visible lightimage data and depth map image data) corresponding to the left portionof the user's face, captured using the biometric sensor 606. Further inaccordance with the orientation of the left portion of the user's facemeeting enrollment criteria, device 600 fills in ticks 714 b anddisplays text 716 c, and outputs haptics 722 b (e.g., haptics that aredifferent (e.g., stronger and non-directional) than haptics 722 a)indicating that the left portion of the user's face has successfullybeen captured. Device 600 updates display of user image 712 c,reflecting the detected change in orientation. In some embodiments,biometric authentication continues until all required portions of theuser's face are enrolled.

FIGS. 8A-8C depicts a biometric enrollment process that shares somesimilarities with the biometric enrollment processes of FIGS. 6A-6H andFIGS. 7A-7D. Note that in FIGS. 8A-8C, a side view 801 of user 803interacting with device 600 is provided, rather than an overhead view.User 803 is wearing wireless headphones 707, which are operativelyconnected to device 600 (e.g., via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near fieldcommunication (NFC), cellular, and/or other wireless communicationtechniques).

While displaying the user interface seen in FIG. 8A, which includesbiometric enrollment interface 804 includes a user image 812 a, text 816a, a progress meter 814, which includes progress ticks 814 a and 814 bthat depict the status of biometric enrollment, device 600 detects thatthe user's face 805 is in an orientation relative to the biometricsensor 606 that does not meet enrollment criteria (e.g., face 605 is notorientated so as to permit capture of the lower portion of the user'sface). Device 600 proceeds to produce both audio and visual cues tofurther guide the user in the process of biometric authentication, asseen in FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, device 600 produces audio andvisual cues only after device 600 detects the user maintaining anorientation that that does not meet enrollment criteria for at least apredetermined period of time (e.g., 5 seconds).

At FIG. 8B, device 600 displays, on display 602, movement prompt 818 a(e.g., an animation guiding user 703 to look upwards so as to permitcapture of the lower portion of his face) along with text 816 b. Device600 also outputs directional haptics 822 a, via one or more hapticactuators. At the same time, device 600 outputs, in a (first) audioproduction mode, spatial audio 820 a that is calculated to simulateaudio being produced from a location D_(I) (an initial locationcalculated by the device) that above the actual position of device 600and at an angle ΘD_(I) based on a center line between user 803 anddevice 600, as seen in side view 801. In some embodiments, locationD_(I) is determined based on a target orientation of the user's facethat would allow for capture of a portion (e.g., a lower portion) of theuser's face required for successful biometric enrollment. In theembodiment of FIG. 8B, device 600 uses calibration data obtained fromthe physiological sensors of headphones 707 to generate spatial audio820 a. As a result, spatial audio 820 a is perceptually localized byuser 803 at location U_(I) that corresponds to location D_(I) (e.g.,corresponds without the need for further adjustment).

At FIG. 8C, device 600 is outputting spatial 820 b (an adjusted spatialaudio that is perceptually localized by the user as directly in front,while the user's head is oriented at an angle ΘU_(A) that is optimal forbiometric capture of the lower portion of the user's face). While device600 is producing audio, device 600 detects, via biometric sensor 606,that the user's head is oriented such that the centerline of the user'shead is at an angle ΘU_(A). In accordance with the orientation of thelower portion of the user's face meeting enrollment criteria (e.g.,being at a required angle with respect to biometric sensor 606), device600 stores image data (e.g., visible light image data and depth mapimage data) corresponding to the lower portion of the user's face,captured using the biometric sensor 606. Further in accordance with theorientation of the lower portion of the user's face meeting enrollmentcriteria, device 600 fills in ticks 814 a and displays text 816 c, andoutputs haptics 822 b (e.g., haptics that are different (e.g., strongerand non-directional) than haptics 822 a) indicating that the lowerportion of the user's face has successfully been captured. Device 600updates display of user image 812 b, reflecting the detected change inorientation. In some embodiments, biometric authentication continuesuntil all required portions of the user's face are enrolled.

FIG. 9A-9C is a flow diagram illustrating a method for audio-assistedbiometric enrollment using an electronic device in accordance with someembodiments. Method 900 is performed at a device (e.g., 100, 300, 500)with one or more biometric sensors (e.g., 606) and operably connected toa plurality of speakers (e.g., left and right speakers, left and rightheadphones (e.g., earphones, earbuds)) (e.g., 608, 610, and/or 707). Insome embodiments, the electronic device includes one or more biometricsensors that optionally include one or more cameras such as an infraredcamera, a thermographic camera, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the device further includes a light-emitting device, suchas an IR flood light, a structured light projector, or a combinationthereof. The light-emitting device is, optionally, used to illuminatethe biometric feature (e.g., the face) during capture of biometric dataof the biometric features by the one or more biometric sensors.

In accordance with some embodiments, the first speaker (e.g., 608) andsecond speaker (e.g., 610) are in fixed positions relative to the one ormore biometric sensors (e.g., 606).

In accordance with some embodiments, the first speaker and the secondspeaker are not in a fixed position (e.g., left and right headphones(e.g., earphones or earbuds); e.g., 707) relative to the one or morebiometric sensors.

Some operations in method 900 are, optionally, combined, the orders ofsome operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are,optionally, omitted.

As described below, method 900 provides an intuitive way for providingaudio-assisted biometric enrollment. The method reduces the cognitiveburden on a user for biometric enrollment, thereby creating a moreefficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, enabling a user to enroll a biometric feature faster and moreefficiently conserves power and increases the time between batterycharges.

The electronic device (e.g., 600), while detecting that a biometricfeature (e.g., a face 605) is in a first orientation (e.g., theorientation (e.g., the user's face has tilted upwards) of the biometricfeature relative to the one or more biometric sensors is based on thealignment of a face of a user in image data captured by the one or morecameras), relative to the one or more biometric sensors (e.g., 606),that does not meet a first enrollment criteria (e.g., a requirement thatthe image data includes data corresponding to a first angular view ofthe face of the user from a first perspective angle (e.g., a rightprofile perspective of the face, such as when the user's face is tiltedto the right)), produces (902) audio in a first audio production mode(e.g., by applying filters). The audio produced in the first audioproduction mode is generated so as to simulate audio being produced froma first location (e.g., D_(I)) that is not the location of the one ormore biometric sensors and is not the location of the first speaker orthe second speaker (e.g., audio that is perceived by a user as beingproduced from a first direction (e.g., to the right of the device) thatis not in the direction of the electronic device). Producing audio so asto simulate audio being produced from a first location that is not thelocation of the one or more biometric sensors and is not the location ofthe first speaker or the second speaker provides the user with improvedinformation as to a target orientation and reduces the inputs needed tocomplete biometric enrollment. Providing improved audio feedback to theuser enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-deviceinterface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide properinputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with thedevice) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves batterylife of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quicklyand efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the first location (e.g., D_(I)) isin a direction perpendicular (e.g., vertical direction above or belowthe user's head) to a plane formed by the first speaker (e.g., 608), thesecond speaker (e.g., 610), and at least one of the one or morebiometric sensors (e.g., 606).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device is operablyconnected to a third speaker and a fourth speaker (e.g., left and rightspeakers or speakers 608 and 610) and producing audio in the first audioproduction mode includes the electronic device determining (904) if thefirst speaker and second speaker (e.g., speakers of headphones 707) areoperable (e.g., speakers are powered on or capable of playing audio),and, in accordance with determining that the first and second speakersare operable, the electronic device foregoes (906) producing audio usingthe third speaker and the fourth speaker.

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio in the first audioproduction mode includes the electronic device foregoing modulating theaudio (e.g., not varying the interaural time difference, HRTF, or crosscancellation) of the first speaker (e.g., 608) and the second speaker(e.g., 610) based on a change in position of the biometric feature(e.g., 605) relative to the one or more biometric sensors (e.g., 606).

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio in the first audioproduction mode includes, in accordance with a determination that thesecond orientation (e.g., orientation seen in FIG. 6B) does not meet thefirst enrollment criteria (e.g., face is not in the right orientation)and in accordance with a determination that a feedback criteria (e.g.,second orientation maintained for a period of time) is met, theelectronic device producing audio in a third audio production mode(e.g., audio that is perceived by a user as being produced from a thirddirection (e.g., D_(A)) that is not in the direction of the electronicdevice or the first direction (e.g., D_(I)) (e.g., where the audio isperceived as being farther to the right of the electronic device)) (Insome embodiments, audio produced in the third audio production mode ismodified using or more of an HRTF, applying an interaural timedifference of audio, or cross cancellation). Audio produced in the thirdaudio production mode is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from a third location (e.g., D_(A)) that is not the location ofthe one or more biometric sensors (e.g., 606), wherein the thirdlocation is different from the first location. Producing adjusted audioso as to simulate audio being produced from a third location that is notthe location of the one or more biometric sensors and is not thelocation of the first speaker or the second speaker provides the userwith improved information as to a target orientation and reduces theinputs needed to complete biometric enrollment. Doing so when the useris in a second orientation that does not meet the first enrollmentcriteria further assists the user in achieving an orientation requiredfor biometric enrollment. Providing improved audio feedback to the userenhances the operability of the device and makes the user-deviceinterface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide properinputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with thedevice) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves batterylife of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quicklyand efficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device, inaccordance with a determination that the second orientation does notmeet the first enrollment criteria (e.g., second orientation notmaintained for a period of time (e.g., user does not stop moving facetowards target orientation)) and in accordance with a determination thatthe feedback criteria is not met, remains in the first audio productionmode (e.g., foregoing transitioning to producing audio in the thirdaudio production mode).

In accordance with some embodiments, the first enrollment criteriaincludes a target orientation (e.g., determining that the image dataincludes data corresponding to a first angular view of the face of theuser from a first perspective angle (e.g., a right profile perspectiveof the face, such as when the user's face is tilted to the right)) andthe third location (e.g., D_(A)) is determined based on the differencebetween the target orientation and the second orientation (e.g., thedifference between D_(I) and U_(I) of FIG. 6C). (e.g., the electronicdevice employs a process integral derivative feedback loop where theerror value is the delta between the desired head pose).

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio in the first audioproduction mode includes the electronic device modulating (908) theaudio (e.g., varying the applied interaural time difference, HRTF, orcross cancellation function) of the first speaker (e.g., 608) and secondspeaker (e.g., 610) so that the audio continues to be generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from the first location (e.g., D_(I)),wherein modulating the audio is based on a change in position of thefirst speaker and second speaker relative (e.g., aheadphone/earphone/earbud wearing user tilting head in one direction) tothe one or more biometric sensors.

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio in the first audioproduction mode includes the electronic device producing (910) a firsttactile output (e.g., haptic output; e.g., 622 a) corresponding (e.g.,haptic output that indicates the direction of the sound (e.g., sequenceof vibrations of a certain count that indicates left while a differentnumber indicates right)) to the first location (e.g., D_(I)). Providinga tactile output that corresponds to the first location (e.g., alocation corresponding to an orientation required for biometricenrollment) provides the user with improved information as to a targetorientation and reduces the inputs needed to complete biometricenrollment. Providing improved tactile feedback to the user enhances theoperability of the device and makes the user-device interface moreefficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs andreducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device)which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life ofthe device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly andefficiently.

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device furtherincludes a display (In some embodiments, the display is atouch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, the display is not a touchsensitive display. In some embodiments, the electronic device, whiledetecting that a biometric feature (e.g., 605) is in a firstorientation, displays (912), on the display, a biometric enrollmentinterface (e.g., 604). In some embodiments, the displayed biometricenrollment interface is a biometric enrollment interface having one ormore features of the biometric enrollment interfaces described in U.S.Patent Application No. 62/557,130, “Implementation Of BiometricAuthentication,” filed Sep. 11, 2017, e.g., at paragraphs [0278],[0285]-[0300], [0318]-[0323] and FIGS. 7S and 9R, which is herebyincorporated by reference. In some embodiments, the biometric enrollmentinterface includes user facial image data displayed within a positioningelement. User facial image data may include a user facial image in alive preview of image data captured by the one or more biometric sensor.The biometric enrollment interface may also optionally include anenrollment progress meter (e.g., 614) that surrounds the user facialimage and positioning element. The enrollment progress meter is composedof a set of progress elements (e.g., 614 a) that extend radially outwardfrom the user facial image and, in some examples, in a circular pattern.In some embodiments, the displayed biometric enrollment interfaceincludes an orientation guide. In some embodiments, the orientationguide includes a set of curved lines (e.g., crosshairs) that appear toextend out of the plane of the display in a virtual z-dimension,intersecting over the center of the user facial image. In some examples,the orientation guide provides a sense of the three-dimensionalorientation of the user's face even though the image is two-dimensional.In this case, the orientation guide assists the user in the biometricenrollment process by making rotations and/or tilts of the user's headrelative to the device more visually apparent. Biometric enrollmentinterface may also include a text prompt (e.g., 616 a), which optionallyinstructs the user to begin tilting their head, for instance, in acircle to perform enrollment.

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio in the first audioproduction mode includes the electronic device displaying, as part ofthe biometric enrollment interface (e.g., 604), a first visual output(e.g., images on the biometric enrollment interface indicating thedirection the user should turn their face for enrolling; 618 c)corresponding to the first location (e.g., the visual output indicatesthe direction the user should turn their face for enrollment, such asdisplaying the phrase “turn to the left”). Providing a visual outputthat corresponds to the first location (e.g., a location correspondingto an orientation required for biometric enrollment) provides the userwith improved information as to a target orientation and reduces theinputs needed to complete biometric enrollment. Providing improvedvisual feedback to the user enhances the operability of the device andmakes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping theuser to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes whenoperating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reducespower usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the userto use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the electronic device, further in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation of the biometric feature meetsthe first enrollment criteria, displays, on the display, a second visualoutput (e.g., visual feedback that provides the user an indication thatthe user's face is in the correct position (e.g., displaying the phrase“stop turning”; 616 c)).

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio in a first audioproduction mode includes the electronic device detecting, using the oneor more biometric sensors, a distance (e.g., 601) the user is from theone or biometric sensors, and determining the first location based onthe distance the user is from the one or more biometric sensors.

In accordance with some embodiments, producing audio using the firstaudio production mode includes the electronic device applying one ormore functions selected from the group consisting of: a head-relatedtransfer function, an interaural time difference function, and a crosscancellation function.

In accordance with some embodiments, prior to producing audio in thefirst audio production mode, the electronic device detects (e.g., usingthe one or more biometric sensors or a second set of one or morebiometric sensors (e.g., a second set of biometric sensors included inheadphones worn by the user) a user physical characteristic (e.g., headshape or ear shape). In such embodiments, producing audio in a firstaudio production mode includes modulating the audio produced in thefirst audio production mode based on the user physical characteristic.

In accordance with some embodiments, after producing audio in a firstaudio production mode and while the electronic device remains in thefirst audio production mode, the electronic device, in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation of the biometric feature doesnot meet the first enrollment criteria (e.g., the user's face is not atthe target orientation), continues to produce audio in the first audioproduction mode.

The electronic device, while remaining in the first audio productionmode (e.g., the electronic device remains in the audio production modeeven it is not actively producing audio at a given time point), detects(914) a change in orientation of the biometric feature relative to theone or more biometric sensors from the first orientation to a secondorientation (e.g., the user's face is turned to the right).

In accordance with some embodiments, detecting a change in orientationof the biometric feature is based on one or more motion sensors (e.g.inertial measurement unit sensor), wherein the one or more motionsensors are in a fixed position relative to the first speaker and secondspeaker (e.g., motion sensors integrated into headphones 707). In someembodiments, the change is detected using inertial measurement unitsensors built-in to headphones, earphones, or earbuds.

In accordance with some embodiments, detecting a change in theorientation of the biometric feature is based on data from the one ormore biometric sensors (e.g., 606) (e.g. two-dimensional front facingcamera, lidar or structured light sensor, or creating athree-dimensional model of the head using depth reconstruction frommultiple depth of field images taken in rapid succession).

The electronic device, while remaining (916) in the first audioproduction mode and in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation of the biometric feature meets the first enrollment criteria(e.g., face is in the target orientation), stores (918) (e.g., enrollingthe first data for subsequent use in a biometric authentication method)first image data (e.g., data from the face of the user corresponding toan angular view of the user from a perspective angle) corresponding tothe biometric feature from the one or biometric sensors captured whilethe biometric feature is in the second orientation (e.g., the user'sface is turned to the right). Storing image data corresponding to thebiometric feature can provide the user with the ability to use the datafor later biometric authentication, improving security. Improvingsecurity enhances the operability of the device and makes theuser-device interface more secure which, reduces the risk ofunauthorized use.

The electronic device, while remaining (916) in the first audioproduction mode and in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation of the biometric feature meets the first enrollment criteria(e.g., face is in the target orientation), produces (920) audio in asecond audio production mode. The audio produced in the second audioproduction mode is generated so as to simulate audio being produced froma second location (e.g., D_(I) of FIG. 6E) that is not the location ofthe one or more biometric sensors and is not the location of the firstspeaker or the second speaker. The first location is different from thesecond location (e.g., audio that is perceived by a user as beingproduced from a second direction that is not in the direction of theelectronic device or the first direction (e.g., where the audio isperceived as being to the left of the electronic device)).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device, further inaccordance with a determination that the second orientation of thebiometric feature meets the first enrollment criteria, produces a secondtactile output (e.g., haptic feedback that provides the user anindication that the user's face is in the correct position; e.g., 622b). In some embodiments, the second tactile output is different than thefirst tactile output.

In accordance with some embodiments, while the electronic device remains(922) in the second audio production mode (e.g., the electronic deviceremains in the mode even if it is not actively producing audio at agiven time point), the electronic device detects (924) a change inorientation of the biometric feature relative to the one or morebiometric sensors from the second orientation to a third orientation(e.g., the user's face is turned to the left). while the electronicdevice remains (922) in the second audio production mode and inaccordance with a determination that the third orientation of thebiometric feature meets a second enrollment criteria (e.g., anenrollment criteria different than the first enrollment criteria), theelectronic device stores (926) (e.g., enrolling the second data forsubsequent use in a biometric authentication method) second image data(e.g., user facial image) corresponding to the biometric feature fromthe one or biometric sensors captured while the biometric feature is inthe third orientation. (e.g., the user's face is turned to the left).

In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device receives arequest to access a restricted function of the device (e.g., a requestto unlock the device; e.g., as seen in FIG. 6I). In response to therequest to access the restricted function of the device, the electronicdevice, in accordance with a determination that biometric authenticationcriteria has been met (e.g., a biometric feature, such as a face, isauthenticated by the device) based on biometric data provided by the oneor more biometric sensors, providing access to the restricted functionof the device (e.g., transition the electronic device from a firstvisual state (e.g., locked state) to a second visual state (e.g.,unlocked state)) and in accordance with a determination that biometricauthentication criteria has not been met based on biometric dataprovided by the one or more biometric sensors, forgoes providing accessto the restricted function of the device (e.g., maintain the electronicdevice in the first visual state (e.g., locked state)).

In accordance with some embodiments, the biometric feature is at least aportion of a face (e.g., 605); and the first image data obtained fromthe one or more biometric sensors includes biometric data associatedwith the at least a portion of the face.

In accordance with some embodiments, the first enrollment criteriaincludes a criterion that is satisfied when the biometric feature isoriented relative to the one or more sensors in a predetermined manner(e.g., face is oriented 90° to the right of the electronic device).

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the techniques and their practical applications. Othersskilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniquesand various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described withreference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that variouschanges and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in theart. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as beingincluded within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined bythe claims.

As described above, one aspect of the present technology is thegathering and use of data available from various sources to improve theenrollment of biometric features and the security of devices. Thepresent disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathereddata may include personal information data that uniquely identifies orcan be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personalinformation data can include demographic data, location-based data,telephone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs, home addresses, data orrecords relating to a user's health or level of fitness (e.g., vitalsigns measurements, medication information, exercise information), dateof birth, or any other identifying or personal information.

The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personalinformation data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefitof users. For example, the personal information data can be used toimprove biometric enrollment and to improve the security of devices.Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables users tobetter secure their data. Further, other uses for personal informationdata that benefit the user are also contemplated by the presentdisclosure. For instance, health and fitness data may be used to provideinsights into a user's general wellness, or may be used as positivefeedback to individuals using technology to pursue wellness goals.

The present disclosure contemplates that the entities responsible forthe collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use ofsuch personal information data will comply with well-established privacypolicies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities shouldimplement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that aregenerally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmentalrequirements for maintaining personal information data private andsecure. Such policies should be easily accessible by users, and shouldbe updated as the collection and/or use of data changes. Personalinformation from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonableuses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimateuses. Further, such collection/sharing should occur after receiving theinformed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities shouldconsider taking any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access tosuch personal information data and ensuring that others with access tothe personal information data adhere to their privacy policies andprocedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluationby third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacypolicies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should beadapted for the particular types of personal information data beingcollected and/or accessed and adapted to applicable laws and standards,including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For instance, in the US,collection of or access to certain health data may be governed byfederal and/or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability andAccountability Act (HIPAA); whereas health data in other countries maybe subject to other regulations and policies and should be handledaccordingly. Hence different privacy practices should be maintained fordifferent personal data types in each country.

Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplatesembodiments in which users selectively block the use of, or access to,personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplatesthat hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent orblock access to such personal information data. For example, in the caseof biometric security, the present technology can be configured to allowusers to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in thecollection of personal information data during registration for servicesor anytime thereafter. In another example, users can select not toprovide biometric data for audio-assisted enrolment of one or morebiometric features. In yet another example, users can select to limitthe length of time biometric data is maintained. In addition toproviding “opt in” and “opt out” options, the present disclosurecontemplates providing notifications relating to the access or use ofpersonal information. For instance, a user may be notified upondownloading an app that their personal information data will be accessedand then reminded again just before personal information data isaccessed by the app.

Moreover, it is the intent of the present disclosure that personalinformation data should be managed and handled in a way to minimizerisks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can beminimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting data once itis no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including incertain health related applications, data de-identification can be usedto protect a user's privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, whenappropriate, by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth,etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g.,collecting location data a city level rather than at an address level),controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users),and/or other methods.

Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use ofpersonal information data to implement one or more various disclosedembodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that the variousembodiments can also be implemented without the need for accessing suchpersonal information data. That is, the various embodiments of thepresent technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all ora portion of such personal information data. For example, devices can besecured based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amountof personal information or publicly available information.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device, comprising: one or morebiometric sensors; one or more processors operably connected to a firstspeaker and second speaker; and memory storing one or more programsconfigured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: while detecting that a biometricfeature is in a first orientation, relative to the one or more biometricsensors, that does not meet a first enrollment criteria, producing audiothat is generated so as to simulate audio being produced from a firstlocation that is not a location of the one or more biometric sensors andis not a location of the first speaker or the second speaker; detectinga change in orientation of the biometric feature relative to the one ormore biometric sensors from the first orientation to a secondorientation; in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation of the biometric feature meets the first enrollmentcriteria: storing first image data corresponding to the biometricfeature from the one or biometric sensors captured while the biometricfeature is in the second orientation; and producing audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from a second locationthat is not the location of the one or more biometric sensors and is notthe location of the first speaker or the second speaker, wherein thefirst location is different from the second location.
 2. The electronicdevice of claim 1, the one or more programs further includinginstructions for: in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation of the biometric feature does not meet the first enrollmentcriteria: continuing to produce audio that is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from the first location.
 3. The electronicdevice of claim 1, the one or more programs further includinginstructions for: detecting a change in orientation of the biometricfeature relative to the one or more biometric sensors from the secondorientation to a third orientation; and in accordance with adetermination that the third orientation of the biometric feature meetsa second enrollment criteria: storing second image data corresponding tothe biometric feature from the one or biometric sensors captured whilethe biometric feature is in the third orientation.
 4. The electronicdevice of claim 1, wherein the first speaker and the second speaker arenot in a fixed position relative to the one or more biometric sensors.5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein producing audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from the first locationincludes modulating the audio of the first speaker and the secondspeaker to continue producing audio that is generated so as to simulateaudio being produced from the first location, wherein modulating theaudio is based on a change in position of the first speaker and thesecond speaker relative to the one or more biometric sensors.
 6. Theelectronic device of claim 4, wherein detecting a change in orientationof the biometric feature is based on one or more motion sensors, whereinthe one or more motion sensors are in a fixed position relative to thefirst speaker and second speaker.
 7. The electronic device of claim 4,wherein the first location is in a direction perpendicular to a planeformed by the first speaker, the second speaker, and at least one of theone or more biometric sensors.
 8. The electronic device of claim 4,wherein the electronic device is operably connected to a third speakerand a fourth speaker and wherein producing audio that is generated so asto simulate audio being produced from the first location includes:determining if the first speaker and the second speaker are operable;and in accordance with a determination that the first speaker and thesecond speaker are operable, foregoing producing audio using the thirdspeaker and the fourth speaker.
 9. The electronic device of claim 1,wherein the first speaker and the second speaker are in fixed positionsrelative to the one or more biometric sensors.
 10. The electronic deviceof claim 9, wherein producing audio that is generated so as to simulateaudio being produced from the first location includes foregoingmodulating the audio of the first speaker and the second speaker basedon a change in position of the biometric feature relative to the one ormore biometric sensors.
 11. The electronic device of claim 1, whereindetecting a change in the orientation of the biometric feature is basedon data from the one or more biometric sensors.
 12. The electronicdevice of claim 1, the one or more programs further includinginstructions for: in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation does not meet the first enrollment criteria and inaccordance with a determination that a feedback criteria is met:producing audio that is generated so as to simulate audio being producedfrom a third location that is not the location of the one or morebiometric sensors, wherein the third location is different from thefirst location.
 13. The electronic device of claim 12, the one or moreprograms further including instructions for: in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation does not meet the firstenrollment criteria and in accordance with a determination that thefeedback criteria is not met: continuing to produce audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from the firstlocation.
 14. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the firstenrollment criteria includes a target orientation and wherein the thirdlocation is determined based on a difference between the targetorientation and the second orientation.
 15. The electronic device ofclaim 1, wherein producing audio that is generated so as to simulateaudio being produced from the first location includes: detecting, usingthe one or more biometric sensors, a distance a user is from the one orbiometric sensors; and determining the first location based on thedistance the user is from the one or more biometric sensors.
 16. Theelectronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further includinginstructions for: prior to producing audio that is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from the first location, detecting a userphysical characteristic, wherein producing audio that is generated so asto simulate audio being produced from the first location includesmodulating the audio based on the user physical characteristic.
 17. Theelectronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further includinginstructions for: receiving a request to access a restricted function ofthe electronic device; and in response to the request to access therestricted function of the device: in accordance with a determinationthat biometric authentication criteria has been met based on biometricdata provided by the one or more biometric sensors, providing access tothe restricted function of the device; and in accordance with adetermination that biometric authentication criteria has not been metbased on biometric data provided by the one or more biometric sensors,forgoing providing access to the restricted function of the device. 18.The electronic device of claim 1, wherein: the biometric feature is atleast a portion of a face; and the first image data obtained from theone or more biometric sensors includes biometric data associated withthe at least a portion of the face.
 19. The electronic device of claim18, wherein the first enrollment criteria includes a criterion that issatisfied when the biometric feature is oriented relative to the one ormore biometric sensors in a predetermined manner.
 20. The electronicdevice of claim 1, wherein producing audio that is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from the first location includes applyingone or more functions selected from the group consisting of: ahead-related transfer function, an interaural time difference function,and a cross cancellation function.
 21. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configuredto be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device havingone or more biometric sensors, and operably connected to a first speakerand a second speaker, the one or more programs including instructionsfor: while detecting that a biometric feature is in a first orientation,relative to the one or more biometric sensors, that does not meet afirst enrollment criteria, producing audio that is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from a first location that is not alocation of the one or more biometric sensors and is not a location ofthe first speaker or the second speaker; detecting a change inorientation of the biometric feature relative to the one or morebiometric sensors from the first orientation to a second orientation; inaccordance with a determination that the second orientation of thebiometric feature meets the first enrollment criteria: storing firstimage data corresponding to the biometric feature from the one orbiometric sensors captured while the biometric feature is in the secondorientation; and producing audio that is generated so as to simulateaudio being produced from a second location that is not the location ofthe one or more biometric sensors and is not the location of the firstspeaker or the second speaker, wherein the first location is differentfrom the second location.
 22. A method comprising: at an electronicdevice having one or more biometric sensors, and operably connected to afirst speaker and a second speaker: while detecting that a biometricfeature is in a first orientation, relative to the one or more biometricsensors, that does not meet a first enrollment criteria, producing audiothat is generated so as to simulate audio being produced from a firstlocation that is not a location of the one or more biometric sensors andis not a location of the first speaker or the second speaker; detectinga change in orientation of the biometric feature relative to the one ormore biometric sensors from the first orientation to a secondorientation; in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation of the biometric feature meets the first enrollmentcriteria: storing first image data corresponding to the biometricfeature from the one or biometric sensors captured while the biometricfeature is in the second orientation; and producing audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from a second locationthat is not the location of the one or more biometric sensors and is notthe location of the first speaker or the second speaker, wherein thefirst location is different from the second location.
 23. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21, the one ormore programs further including instructions for: in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation of the biometric feature doesnot meet the first enrollment criteria: continuing to produce audio thatis generated so as to simulate audio being produced from the firstlocation.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 21, the one or more programs further including instructions for:detecting a change in orientation of the biometric feature relative tothe one or more biometric sensors from the second orientation to a thirdorientation; and in accordance with a determination that the thirdorientation of the biometric feature meets a. second enrollmentcriteria: storing second image data corresponding to the biometricfeature from the one or biometric sensors captured while the biometricfeature is in the third orientation.
 25. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the first speakerand the second speaker are not in a fixed position relative to the oneor more biometric sensors.
 26. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 25, wherein producing audio that is generated soas to simulate audio being produced from the first location includesmodulating the audio of the first speaker and the second speaker tocontinue producing audio that is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from the first location, wherein modulating the audio is basedon a change in position of the first speaker and second speaker relativeto the one or more biometric sensors.
 27. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein detecting a changein orientation of the biometric feature is based on one or more motionsensors, wherein the one or more motion sensors are in a fixed positionrelative to the first speaker and second speaker.
 28. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the first locationis in a direction perpendicular to a plane formed by the first speaker,the second speaker, and at least one of the one or more biometricsensors.
 29. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 25, wherein the electronic device is operably connected to a thirdspeaker and a fourth speaker and wherein producing audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from the first locationincludes: determining if the first speaker and second speaker areoperable; and in accordance with a determination that the first speakerand the second speaker are operable, foregoing producing audio using thethird speaker and the fourth speaker.
 30. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein the first speakerand the second speaker are in fixed positions relative to the one ormore biometric sensors.
 31. The non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium of claim 30, wherein producing audio that is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from the first location includes foregoingmodulating the audio of the first speaker and the second speaker basedon a change in position of the biometric feature relative to the one ormore biometric sensors.
 32. The non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium of claim 21, wherein detecting a change in the orientation of thebiometric feature is based on data from the one or more biometricsensors.
 33. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 21, the one or more programs further including instructions for:in accordance with a determination that the second orientation does notmeet the first enrollment criteria and in accordance with adetermination that a feedback criteria is met: producing audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from a third locationthat is not the location of the one or more biometric sensors, whereinthe third location is different from the first location.
 34. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 33, the one ormore programs further including instructions for: in accordance with adetermination that the second orientation does not meet the firstenrollment criteria and in accordance with a determination that thefeedback criteria is not met: continuing to produce audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from the firstlocation.
 35. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 33, wherein the first enrollment criteria includes a targetorientation and wherein the third location is determined based on adifference between the target orientation and the second orientation.36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21,wherein producing audio that is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from the first location includes: detecting, using the one ormore biometric sensors, a distance a user is from the one or biometricsensors; and determining the first location based on the distance theuser is from the one or more biometric sensors.
 37. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 21, the one or more programsfurther including instructions for: prior to producing audio that isgenerated so as to simulate audio being produced from the firstlocation, detecting a user physical characteristic, wherein producingaudio that is generated so as to simulate audio being produced from thefirst location includes modulating the audio based on the user physicalcharacteristic.
 38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumof claim 21, the one or more programs further including instructionsfor: receiving a request to access a restricted function of theelectronic device; and in response to the request to access therestricted function of the device: in accordance with a determinationthat biometric authentication criteria has been met based on biometricdata provided by the one or more biometric sensors, providing access tothe restricted function of the device; and in accordance with adetermination that biometric authentication criteria has not been metbased on biometric data provided by the one or more biometric sensors,forgoing providing access to the restricted function of the device. 39.The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21,wherein: the biometric feature is at least a portion of a face; and thefirst image data obtained from the one or more biometric sensorsincludes biometric data associated with the at least a portion of theface.
 40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim39, wherein the first enrollment criteria includes a criterion that issatisfied when the biometric feature is oriented relative to the one ormore biometric sensors in a predetermined manner.
 41. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein producing audiothat is generated so as to simulate audio being produced from the firstlocation includes applying one or more functions selected from the groupconsisting of: a head-related transfer function, an interaural timedifference function, and a cross cancellation function.
 42. The methodof claim 22, further comprising: in accordance with a determination thatthe second orientation of the biometric feature does not meet the firstenrollment criteria: continuing to produce audio that is generated so asto simulate audio being produced from the first location.
 43. The methodof claim 22, further comprising: detecting a change in orientation ofthe biometric feature relative to the one or more biometric sensors fromthe second orientation to a third orientation; and in accordance with adetermination that the third orientation of the biometric feature meetsa second enrollment criteria: storing second image data corresponding tothe biometric feature from the one or biometric sensors captured whilethe biometric feature is in the third orientation.
 44. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the first speaker and the second speaker are not in afixed position relative to the one or more biometric sensors.
 45. Themethod of claim 44, wherein producing audio that is generated so as tosimulate audio being produced from the first location includesmodulating the audio of the first speaker and the second speaker tocontinue producing audio that is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from the first location, wherein modulating the audio is basedon a change in position of the first speaker and second speaker relativeto the one or more biometric sensors.
 46. The method of claim 44,wherein detecting a change in orientation of the biometric feature isbased on one or more motion sensors, wherein the one or more motionsensors are in a fixed position relative to the first speaker and secondspeaker.
 47. The method of claim 44, wherein the first location is in adirection perpendicular to a plane formed by the first speaker, thesecond speaker, and at least one of the one or more biometric sensors.48. The method of claim 44, wherein the electronic device is operablyconnected to a third speaker and a fourth speaker and wherein producingaudio that is generated so as to simulate audio being produced from thefirst location includes: determining if the first speaker and secondspeaker are operable; and in accordance with a determination that thefirst speaker and the second speaker are operable, foregoing producingaudio using the third speaker and the fourth speaker.
 49. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the first speaker and the second speaker are in fixedpositions relative to the one or more biometric sensors.
 50. The methodof claim 44, wherein producing audio that is generated so as to simulateaudio being produced from the first location includes foregoingmodulating the audio of the first speaker and the second speaker basedon a change in position of the biometric feature relative to the one ormore biometric sensors.
 51. The method of claim 22, wherein detecting achange in the orientation of the biometric feature is based on data fromthe one or more biometric sensors.
 52. The method of claim 22, furthercomprising: in accordance with a determination that the secondorientation does not meet the first enrollment criteria and inaccordance with a determination that a feedback criteria is met:producing audio that is generated so as to simulate audio being producedfrom a third location that is not the location of the one or morebiometric sensors, wherein the third location is different from thefirst location.
 53. The method of claim 52, further comprising: inaccordance with a determination that the second orientation does notmeet the first enrollment criteria and in accordance with adetermination that the feedback criteria is not met: continuing toproduce audio that is generated so as to simulate audio being producedfrom the first location.
 54. The method of claim 52, wherein the firstenrollment criteria includes a target orientation and wherein the thirdlocation is determined based on a difference between the targetorientation and the second orientation.
 55. The method of claim 22,wherein producing audio that is generated so as to simulate audio beingproduced from the first location includes: detecting, using the one ormore biometric sensors, a distance a user is from the one or biometricsensors; and determining the first location based on the distance theuser is from the one or more biometric sensors.
 56. The method of claim22, further comprising: prior to producing audio that is generated so asto simulate audio being produced from the first location, detecting auser physical characteristic, wherein producing audio that is generatedso as to simulate audio being produced from the first location includesmodulating the audio based on the user physical characteristic.
 57. Themethod of claim 22, further comprising: receiving a request to access arestricted function of the electronic device; and in response to therequest to access the restricted function of the device: in accordancewith a determination that biometric authentication criteria has been metbased on biometric data provided by the one or more biometric sensors,providing access to the restricted function of the device; and inaccordance with a determination that biometric authentication criteriahas not been met based on biometric data provided by the one or morebiometric sensors, forgoing providing access to the restricted functionof the device.
 58. The method of claim 22, wherein: the biometricfeature is at least a portion of a face; and the first image dataobtained from the one or more biometric sensors includes biometric dataassociated with the at least a portion of the face.
 59. The method ofclaim 58, wherein the first enrollment criteria includes a criterionthat is satisfied when the biometric feature is oriented relative to theone or more biometric sensors in a predetermined manner.
 60. The methodof claim 22, wherein producing audio that is generated so as to simulateaudio being produced from the first location includes applying one ormore functions selected from the group consisting of: a head-relatedtransfer function, an interaural time difference function, and a crosscancellation function.